Shukla, Priyanka and Kumari, Manisha and Mendhe, Vinod Atmaram (2026) Geologic CO2 sequestration: unveiling complexities, challenges and strategic insights toward net zero emissions—A critical review in the Indian context. Energy, Ecology and Environment.

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Abstract

As the world moves toward net-zero emissions, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) especially geologic CO2 sequestration has emerged as a critical climate mitigation strategy. This review examines the current scientific and technical landscape of geologic CO2 storage, highlighting key challenges and strategic considerations essential for its large-scale deployment. Also, it explores viable storage formations, including depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, deep saline aquifers and unmineable coal seams. It outlines essential site selection criteria, with a focus on geological characterization, structural integrity and risk mitigation to ensure long-term containment and safety. Technical aspects such as CO2 injection methods and monitoring systems are assessed in depth. Advances in seismic imaging, geochemical tracers and real-time monitoring technologies are discussed for their role in tracking CO2 behaviour in the subsurface. Beyond technical feasibility, the review evaluates the socio-economic and regulatory dimensions shaping the global scalability of geologic CO2 sequestration. It emphasizes the importance of public perception, stakeholder engagement and evolving policy frameworks in enabling broad acceptance and implementation. The study also explores synergies and trade-offs between CO2 storage and enhanced methane recovery from coal seams with stable mineral trapping mechanism. A life cycle assessment is presented, analyzing emissions, cost-effectiveness and scalability to position geologic sequestration within a broader energy transition context. In India, while policy interest in CCUS is rising, deployment readiness remains low due to technical, regulatory, financial and institutional barriers. The review calls for integrating CCUS into India’s net-zero strategy through sectoral roadmaps and the NDC framework. By offering a multidisciplinary perspective, this review informs policymakers, researchers and industry stakeholders, contributing to the advancement of sustainable, low-carbon pathways needed to address the global climate crisis.

Item Type:	Article
Uncontrolled Keywords:	CO2 sequestration CCUS Emission Challenges Net zero Trapping mechanism
Subjects:	Methane Emission and Degasification
Divisions:	UNSPECIFIED
Depositing User:	Mr. B. R. Panduranga
Date Deposited:	15 Jun 2026 06:01
Last Modified:	15 Jun 2026 06:01
URI:	https://cimfr.csircentral.net/id/eprint/3027

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